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Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence.

Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK. Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112412, United Arab Emirates. Medical Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 113, Oman. Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat 113, Oman. Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 90419 Lodz, Poland. Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93338 Lodz, Poland. Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65417 Zielona Gora, Poland. Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates. IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Milan, Italy. Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, 06540 Ankara, Turkey. Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy. Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy. Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital & BRIDE, Karnal 132001, India. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India. Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia. Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary. The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 48338, United Arab Emirates. Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil. Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece. Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran. Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran. Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil. Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil. Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, 050474 Bucharest, Romania. Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai 600013, India. Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.

Metabolites. 2022;(1)
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Abstract

Periodontitis is a microbially driven, host-mediated disease that leads to loss of periodontal attachment and resorption of bone. It is associated with the elevation of systemic inflammatory markers and with the presence of systemic comorbidities. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the majority of patients have mild symptoms, others experience important complications that can lead to death. After the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several investigations demonstrating the possible relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19 have been reported. In addition, both periodontal disease and COVID-19 seem to provoke and/or impair several cardiometabolic complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological and neuropsychiatric complications. Therefore, due to the increasing number of investigations focusing on the periodontitis-COVID-19 relationship and considering the severe complications that such an association might cause, this review aims to summarize all existing emerging evidence regarding the link between the periodontitis-COVID-19 axis and consequent cardiometabolic impairments.

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Publication Type : Review

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